The owner of a local engineering firm recently said to me, “First cost and space are key discussion points in any building design.” First cost …
Sump and Sewage Pump Flow Rate & Minimum Run Time
The minimum run time in a sump, effluent, or sewage pump is determined by the flow rate and the volume of water in the basin …
Heat Pump Water Heaters: Example Apartment Building Costs (Part 10)
Your client is interested in a commercial R-744 refrigerant heat pump water heater solution. The example system I used in this blog is an apartment …
Heat Pump Water Heaters: Example Apartment Building (Part 9)
Air source heat pumps are beginning to get attention in conversations among engineers in the northern climates. I appreciate everyone’s patience as you opened this …
Heat Pump Water Heaters: Capacity, COP, and Weather (Part 8)
How will the weather in a northern climate affect the selection of the heat pump water heater with R-744 refrigerant? What about the Coefficient of …
Heat Pump Water Heaters: Standby Capacity (Part 7)
Hot water availability in many commercial and institutional buildings is critical. Engineers also know that these service water systems are generously sized for the peak …
Heat Pump Water Heaters: Hot Water Recirculation (Part 6)
How does the commercial heat pump water heater, using the preferred R-744 refrigerant, handle the domestic hot water recirculation load? The R-744 (carbon dioxide) heat …
Heat Pump Water Heaters: Parts and Pieces and Storage (Part 5)
What does a commercial air source heat pump water heater look like? Where will it be located and what are the major components that the …
Hydronic Piping – Can it be Too Oversized? Radiant Panel System Example
We recently were asked about the use of ¾” hydronic pipe runouts on a radiant panel system. The contractor had a concern about the long …
Heat Pump Water Heaters: Temperatures & Storage (Part 4)
Commercial heat pump water heaters using R-744 (CO2) refrigerant operate best when attention is paid to the piping and storage tank arrangement. Today, in part …